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rev. 0.1 6/12 copyright ? 2012 by sili con laboratories ezradio-2waylink-dk ezradio-2waylink-dk ezr adio ? t wo -w ay l ink d evelopment k it u ser ? s g uide 1. overview thank you for your interest in silic on laboratories si4x55 ezradio? two- way link development kit. the silicon laboratories si4x55 ezradio two way link developmen t kit (p/n ezr-ledk2w-xxx) contains everything you need to familiarize yourself with and evaluate the si4455 transceivers. th e kit has three versions: one for the 434 mhz band, one for the 868 mhz band, and one for the 915 mhz band. the key features of the development kit are as follows: ?? the base boards have an lcd display and four leds to display information and four push-buttons to receive user commands. additionally, the silicon labs tool stick base adapter is inte grated on th e board to be easily connected to the pc. ?? the rfpico board provides connection to the si4455 transceivers. all supported types of rfpico boards can be applied to the base board. ?? the provided software pack contains all the documentation and files needed to develop a user application. ?? the kit supports the use of the silicon laboratories in tegrated development environment (ide) for software debugging and the use of the keil & sdcc c compiler, assembler, and linker toolchain. ?? the kit supports use of the wireless development su ite (wds) for setting radio parameters and managing application firmware. ?? the base boards come with the si4455 range test de mo application. the range test demo implements packet error rate (per) measurement. per is generally used in wireless systems to measure the quality of the rf link in given circumstances. note: although the development kit comes with si4455 rfpico boards , the range test demo application also can be used with rfpico boards that come with si4355 receivers.
ezradio-2waylink-dk 2 rev. 0.1 1.1. kit contents table 1. kit contents qty part number description ezr-lcdk2w-434 ezradio two way development kit 434 mhz 2 msc-lcdbb930-per lcd base board with range test demo code 2 4455-PCE10D434B si4455 pico board with pcb antenna and sma connector ? 434 mhz 2 msc-at50-434 434 mhz antenna 2 usb-xten-mini usb cable (usba-usb mini) 6 aa aa alkaline battery ezr-lcdk2w-868 ezradio two way development kit 868 mhz 2 msc-lcdbb930-per lcd base board with range test demo code 2 4455-pce10d868b si4455 pico board with pcb antenna and sma connector ? 868 mhz 2 msc-at50-868 868 mhz antenna 2 usb-xten-mini usb cable (usba-usb mini) 6 aa aa alkaline battery ezr-lcdk2w-915 ezradio two way development kit 915 mhz 2 msc-lcdbb930-per lcd base board with range test demo code 2 4455-pce10d915b si4455 pico board with pcb antenna & sma connector ? 915 mhz 2 msc-at50-915 915 mhz antenna 2 usb-xten-mini usb cable (usba-usb mini) 6 aa aa alkaline battery
ezradio-2waylink-dk rev. 0.1 3 figure 1. lcd base board (p/n msc-lcdbb930-per) figure 2. si4455 rfpico board?868 mhz (p/n 4455-pce10d868b)
ezradio-2waylink-dk 4 rev. 0.1 figure 3. lcd base board with connected rfpico board the lcd base board is a development board that can be used with a con nected rfpico board. the development board has leds, push-buttons, an lcd screen, and a buzzer for human interface usage. silicon labs toolstick debug adapter is also integrated on the boa rd to allow easy connection to the pc. the si4455 radio is mounted on the rfpico board. board and rf information of the rfstick is stored in the on- board eeprom. rfpico can be con nected to the lcd base board wit h rfp1 and rfp2 connectors. for more information on using the lcd base board and rfpi co boards to develop your own radio application, refer to the application note, ?an692: si4x55 programming guide and sample codes?. the base boards come with the si4455 range test demo application; however, be sure to use the latest version of the application. the user can update the firmware on the boards using the firmware update functionality of the wds. for more information on updating the firmware, refer to the "wds user's guide for ezradio next generation".
ezradio-2waylink-dk rev. 0.1 5 2. range test demo 2.1. basics as earlier described, the range test demo is used to pr ovide measured results on the quality of the rf link. the demo uses two rfsticks: one as the ?transmitter? (tx) and the other as the ?receiver? (rx). both rfsticks can be either transmitters or receivers. the transmitter sends packets to the receiver repeatedly with half second intervals. the packet includes the address of the transmitter and number of the sent packet. the packet number incremen ts from packet to packet. the receiver receives the packet and checks its address. if their addresses match, the packet number is stored. the receiver then sends back an acknowledge packet (ack) to the transmitter. the ack packet also includes the address and packet number of the received packet. per can be calculated with the following equation: where: ?? per: packet error rate (%). ?? p tx : number of sent packets. ?? p rx : number of received packets. transmitter can calculate per using the following data: ?? p tx : packet counter to be included in the packet. ?? p rx : number of all the received acknowledge packets. receiver can calculate per using the following data: ?? p tx : packet number included in the last received packet. ?? p rx : number of all received data packets. 2.2. rf and packet parameters this section provides information on user parameters of the range test demo. all the parameters (excluding fre- quency band and self node address) can be changed in the demo through its menu system (see section ?2.4. menu system of the range test demo?). the following parameters are available: ?? rf parameters ?? frequency band (defined by the hw) ?? communication frequency ?? modulation ?? data rate ?? output power ?? packet parameters ?? packet length ?? maximum number of sent/received packets ?? self node address (defined by the hw) ?? destination node address demo parameters are stored in the mcu?s flash memory and restored after power-on reset. default values are loaded if no parameters were pr eviously stored in the flash. it is also possible to define custom rf parameters fo r communication. custom parameters can be stored with the wireless development suite (wds). for more information on creating and storing custom rf parameters, refer to the ?wds user?s guide for ezradio next generation?. per p tx p rx ? p tx --------------------------- 100 ? =
ezradio-2waylink-dk 6 rev. 0.1 2.2.1. frequency and frequency bands the rfpico board has an on-board antenna and rf matc hing to provide solutions for supported frequency bands. a stand-alone antenna can also be used with the sma connector. different rf matchings are required for each frequency band. the range test demo automatically reads frequency band information out of the on-board eeprom and selects th e appropriate fr equency range. si4x55 devices support the fo llowing three frequency bands: ?? low band: 285?350 mhz ?? middle band: 425?525 mhz ?? high band: 850?960 mhz the ezradio two way link development kits are provided for the middle and the high bands; however, the range test demo supports all the three bands. the demo can be used with low band rfpico boards as well. the range test demo provides four different selectable frequencies in all the supported bands. table 2. lists the available frequencies. 2.2.2. modulation user can select from three types of modulation: ?? gfsk with high precision tx crystal (tx: 30 ppm, rx: 30 ppm) ?? gfsk (tx: 150 ppm, rx: 30 ppm) ?? ook 2.2.3. data rate the user can select from three different data rates. table 3 lists the available data rates. table 2. frequency options for the ezradio two-way development kit low middle high 289.28 mhz 433.92 mhz 867.84 mhz 289.43 mhz 434.15 mhz 868.30 mhz 305.67 mhz 458.50 mhz 917.00 mhz 316.67 mhz 475.00 mhz 950.00 mhz table 3. available data rates modulation gfsk (both types) ook 9.6 kbps 2.4 kbps 38.4 kbps 9.6 kbps 128.0 kbps 20.0 kbps
ezradio-2waylink-dk rev. 0.1 7 2.2.4. output power the current version of the range test demo does not su pport changing the output power. the output power is defined for +11 db for all the frequency bands. 2.2.5. packet length the user can define the length of the communication packets. the packet length contains 4 bytes of preamble, 2 bytes of synch word, at least 7 bytes long payload, and 2 bytes of crc. increasing the packet length increases the length of the used payload. the length of the whol e packet can be selected fr om 15 bytes to 72 bytes. 2.2.6. maximum number of sent/received packets the user can define the maximum number of sent and received packets. the demo stops after the defined number of packets received or sent. the following packet counts can be selected: 200, 500, 1000, 2000, 5000, 10000. 2.2.7. node addresses each node of the range test demo reads the serial number of the connected rfpico board. the least significant byte of its serial number (0 - 255) is used as node addr ess. the user has to define t he address of the destination node in the menu system to pair the appropriate nodes. 2.2.8. custom parameters as described earlier, the user can store custom rf para meters into the devices with wds. one custom field is available in each of the nodes. if custom parameter mode is selected, the rf parameters (frequency, modulation, data rate) are defined by the stored custom parameters and they cannot be changed. note: since custom parameters belong to a defined frequency band, the firmware goes to error state if the frequency band of the custom parameters mismatches wit h the frequency band of the device. 2.3. error states in case of critical error, the demo goes to error state. po wer-on-reset can force the demo out of error state. in error state, led4 is continuously on and an error message is shown on the lcd screen. critical errors: 1. error message : no rfpico board found! connect an ezradio rfpico then reset! cause : there is no supported rfpico connected to the lcd base board. solution : connect a supported ezradio rfpico board (si4455 or si4355) and reset the application. 2. error message : not supported radio! connect a si4x55 type rfpico then reset! cause : the connected rfpico board holds unsupported radio. solution : connect a supported ezradio rfpico board (si4455 or si4355) and reset the application. 3. error message : not supported custom frequency band! custom freq band mismatches with rfpico. cause : frequency band of the connected rfpico board mi smatches with frequency ba nd of the stored custom parameters. solution 1 : change custom parameters with wds to match with the connected rfpico board. solution 2 : change the connected rfpico board to match with the stored custom parameters. solution 3 : use selected parameters instead of the custom parameters.
ezradio-2waylink-dk 8 rev. 0.1 2.4. menu system of the range test demo after running the demo, the first screen is the welcome sc reen. the welcome screen is shown for up to 1.5 sec- onds or for as long as any of the push buttons are pres sed. the second screen provides information on the firm- ware, covered device name, firmware name, and version number of the firmware is displayed. figure 4. welcome screen figure 5. firmware information the on-screen menu system is designed for easy conf iguration. the rf and packet parameters of the communication can be configured as described in the previous sections. four push buttons are used to navi gate the menu system: soft labels on the lcd screen display the current function of the related buttons. in general, push button 1 (pb1) is used to go to the previous menu page; push button 2 (pb2) is used to select bet ween menu items, push button 3 (pb3) is used to change value of the menu item, and push button 4 (pb4) is used to access the next menu page. some of the menu items have more than ten possible values. in such cases, not only pb3 can be used to increase the value of the menu item, but pb2 and pb3 can be used together to decrease its value. to decrease such values, push and hold pb2 and then push pb3 several times to reac h the required value. a small arrow ( ? ) points to the actual menu item. the demo can be configured through six menu pages. the first page is used to select the functionality of the demo. the range test can be performed in single way (tx? transmit or rx?receive mode) or bidirectional (trx?t ransceiver mode) radio communication. if custom rf parameters are stored, the user can choose between ?custom? or ?select? rf parameters. if ?custom? rf parameters is selected, the user can only check but not change the rf parameters on the following menu pages. figure 6. menu page: system function 1/6
ezradio-2waylink-dk rev. 0.1 9 the frequency and the modulation can be selected on the second menu page. selectable frequency values belong to the frequency band of the rfpico board. modulation can be ?2gfsk_i?, which refers to 2gfsk with high-preci- sion tx crystal, ?2gfsk_h?, which refers to 2gfsk with low cost tx clock, and ?ook?. figure 7. menu page: rf parameters 2/6 on the third menu page, only the data rate can be selected by the user. the second menu item only informs the user about deviation or bandwidth rf parameter, wh ich depends on the selected modulation and data rate. ?deviation? is shown if the selected modulation is 2gfsk and ?bandwidth? if the modulation is ook. figure 8. menu page: rf parameters 3/6 (modulation is 2gfsk) figure 9. menu page: rf parameters 3/6 (modulation is ook) figure 10. menu page: rf parameters 4/6 the fifth and sixth menu page is used to configure the packet configuration of the range test demo. pb2 + pb3 button combo can be used on both pages to decrease the value of the selected menu item. packet length and maximum number of packets can be sele cted according to section ?2.2.5. packet length? and section ?2.2.6. maximum number of sent/received packets?. packet length cannot be set if rx mode operation is selected previously, since the received packet contains the length information.
ezradio-2waylink-dk 10 rev. 0.1 figure 11. menu page: node parameters 5/6 (function is tx/trx) figure 12. menu page: node parameters 5/6 (function is rx) the self id field is filled up automatica lly based on the serial number of the used rfpico board. it is important to setup the destination id accurately, otherwise the link will not work. the destination id has to be the self id of the other device. figure 13. menu page: node parameters 6/6 as described earlier, demo parameters are stored in t he mcu's flash memory and restored after power-on-reset. default values are loaded if no parameters were previously stored in the flash. the default packet configuration of the demo is the following: ?? destination id is the same as the self id ?? packet length is 15 bytes ?? max. packets is 1000 packets
ezradio-2waylink-dk rev. 0.1 11 2.5. test modes 2.5.1. bidirectional (trx) range test after the demo is fully configured, it proceeds to the demo screen, where the range test can be started. the screen is divided into three sections. at the top of the screen, soft labels show the functions of the leds. led1 blinks when a packet is transmitted; led2 blinks if a packet is successfully re ceived (with valid crc and packet content that matches the expected value).the bar graph under led3 shows the actual receive signal strength level (rssi) of the received packet (shown and refreshed after a packet is received). the middle section of the screen shows the part number of the radio and the source / destination addresses with arrows showing direction of the communication. rf parameters can be checked in the middle section before transmission / reception is started. figure 14. demo screen (trx mode) on the bottom of the screen, the soft labels show the actual functionality of the pu sh buttons. pb3 are used to return to the configuration menu. after entering demo mo de, both ends of the link are in receive mode. the test starts if any of the link nodes starts to transmit ping pa ckets. transmission can be initiated by pressing pb1. after that, the originator transmits a ping packet for the other node. if it receives the packet co rrectly, it transmits back an acknowledgement packet. each ping packet has a serial number (increased by the originator after every packet transmission), which is transmitted ba ck by the acknowledgement packet. if the originator receives the acknowledgement within a predefined timeout, then it considers the link working, otherwise it increases the number of missed packets by one. the origin ator also stores the number of transm itted ping packets so the demo can calculate the packet error rate based on this information. the packet error rate is updated on the third line of the lcd after each packet transm ission according to per equatio n in section ?2.1. basics?. figure 15. running per test (trx mode) the demo runs as long as the number of transmitted packets reaches the predefined number or until it is interrupted by pb1. the user can check predefined rf parameters of the measurement any time during a running test by using pb4. pb4 also is used in the info screen to show the actual results of the running measurement. info screen is also available after all the packets are transmitted and the test is finished.
ezradio-2waylink-dk 12 rev. 0.1 2.5.2. single way (tx-rx) range test the range test also can be performed with single way radio communication. in this case, one end of the link needs to be setup as a transmitter (this will be the originator as described in the bidirectional lin k) and the other end of the link needs to be a receiver. the test needs to be started at the transmit side by pressing pb1. the demo runs as long as the number of transmitted or received packets reaches the predefined number or until the demo is interrupted by pb1. the user can follow the number of transmitted packets on the lcd screen. figure 16. running per test (tx mode) the single way range test demo works the same as the bidirectional range test; however, the number of lost packets and the packet error rate is defined only at the receive side and is based on the first and last received packet id. figure 17. running per test (rx mode) 2.6. how to carry the range test out connect rfpico boards to the two lcd base boards. put batteries into the devices and switch the devices on. select both devices to be in trx mode or one of them to be rx and the other to be in tx mode (note that si4355 base devices can only be receivers). select the requir ed demo parameters or start the measurements with the automatically reloaded configuration. check if transmitter se nds packets and receiver answers as well. the range test can be performed inside a building if indoor propagation is tested. however, it is advised to perform the test outside the building, line-of-sight to get the be st possible range result. if per>1%, reset the per on the transmitter and try to walk further in the area. propagation conditions usually improve if the user is further distanced from a possibly shadowed area.
ezradio-2waylink-dk rev. 0.1 13 3. schematics schematics of the rfstick boards can be seen on the following pages. complete manufacturing file pack with cad/cam files and boms can be found at www.silabs.com .
ezradio-2waylink-dk 14 rev. 0.1
ezradio-2waylink-dk rev. 0.1 15
ezradio-2waylink-dk 16 rev. 0.1 c ontact i nformation silicon laboratories inc. 400 west cesar chavez austin, tx 78701 tel: 1+(512) 416-8500 fax: 1+(512) 416-9669 toll free: 1+(877) 444-3032 please visit the silicon labs technical support web page: https://www.silabs.com/support/pages/contacttechnicalsupport.aspx and register to submit a technical support request. silicon laboratories and silicon labs are trademarks of silicon laboratories inc. other products or brandnames mentioned herein are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders. the information in this document is believed to be accurate in all respects at the time of publ ication but is subject to change without notice. silicon laboratories assumes no responsibility for errors and omissions, and disclaims responsibi lity for any consequences resu lting from the use of information included herein. ad ditionally, silicon laboratorie s assumes no responsibility for the functioning of und escribed features or parameters. silicon laboratories reserves the right to make changes without further notice . silicon laboratories makes no wa rranty, rep- resentation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does silicon laboratories as sume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and s pecifically disclaims any and all liability, including wi thout limitation conse- quential or incidental damages. silicon laborat ories products are not designed, intended, or authorized for use in applications intended to support or sustain life, or for any other application in which the failure of t he silicon laboratories product could create a s ituation where per- sonal injury or death may occur. should buyer purchase or us e silicon laboratories products for any such unintended or unauthor ized ap- plication, buyer shall indemnify and hold silicon laboratories harmles s against all claims and damages.

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